Nextcloud Installation Teil 1 - Webserver und DB

Zeichen Erklärung

[Aktion]
<Eingabe>
!(Info)!

Vorrausetzungen

Für die Installation benötigen Sie einen Webserver mit PHP und SQL Datenbank. In dieser Installations Anleitung wird der Apache Webserver auf einem Ubuntu 22.04 mit PHP und MariaDB incl. SSL Zertifikaten für den Heimgebrauch installiert.

Eine Ausführliche Info zu den Voraussetzungen findet man auf der Webseite von Nextcloud. https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/latest/admin_manual/installation/system_requirements.html

Webserver und DB

Basis Paktete für die Installation.

apt update
apt upgrade
apt install -y apache2  mariadb-server openssl php wget curl zip unzip

Paket	Funktion
apache2	Apache Hypertext Transfer Protocol Server
mariadb-server	the MariaDB command-line tool
openssl	OpenSSL command line tool
php	PHP Command Line Interface ‚CLI‘
wget	The non-interactive network downloader
curl	tool for transferring data from or to a server
zip	package and compress (archive) files
unzip	list, test and extract compressed files in a ZIP archive

MariaDB Einrichten

root@nc:~# mysql_secure_installation

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
haven't set the root password yet, you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none): <Enter Taste>
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password or using the unix_socket ensures that nobody
can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation.

You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.

Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n] <n für nein>      !(Erhöht die Sicherhit der Root Accounts)!
 ... skipping.

You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.

Change the root password? [Y/n] <Y>
New password: <SQL#RootPasswort>
Re-enter new password: <SQL#RootPasswort>
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
 ... Success!


By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] <Y>
 ... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] <Y>
 ... Success!

By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] <Y>
 - Dropping test database...
 ... Success!
 - Removing privileges on test database...
 ... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] <Y>
 ... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MariaDB!
root@nc:~#

Nextcloud DB Einrichten

root@nc:~# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:

MariaDB [(none)]> create database nextcloud; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.001 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> create user 'nc_user'@'localhost' identified by 'nc_pass';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> grant all privileges on nextcloud.* to 'nc_user'@'localhost' identified by 'nc_pass';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> exit;
Bye
root@nc:~# :

Testen

root@nc20-0:~# mysql -u nc_user -p
Enter password:

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| nextcloud          |
+--------------------+
2 rows in set (0.001 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> exit;

Nextcloud Installieren

Download URL der Aktuellen Version https://nextcloud.com/de/install/#instructions-server

Community Projekte

Klicken Sie mit der rechten Maustaste hier und speichern Sie die Datei auf Ihrem Computer.

cd /var/www/
root@nc:# mkdir nextcloud
root@nc:# chown www-data:www-data nextcloud/
root@nc:# cd nextclou
root@nc:# weget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/installer/setup-nextcloud.php
root@nc:# chown www-data:www-data setup-nextcloud.php

Apache Webserver anpassen

cd /etc/apache2/sites-available/

Alle Kommentar Zeilen können Entfernt werde.

vim /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>

	ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
	DocumentRoot /var/www/nextcloud

	ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
	CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

</VirtualHost>

# vim: syntax=apache ts=4 sw=4 sts=4 sr noet

Webserver neu starten

systectl restart apache2

Fehlermeldung nach der Installation

Aufrufen der URL über die IP Adresse des Webservers. Beispiel: http://192.168.178.xxx für die weitere Einrichtung.

Es können folgende fehlende Pakete angezeigt werden. Die Fehler Paket Namen beziehen sich auf die PHP Unterstüzung.

- zip
- dom
- XMLWriter
- libxml
- mb multibyte
- GD
- SimpleXML
- curl

Installation der fehlenden Pakete.

Eine mögliche vorgehensweise um heruszufinden welche Pakete fehlen.

root@nc:~# apt search php | grep -i zip

WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts.

  bzip2 module for PHP [default]
php-pclzip/jammy 2.8.2-5 all
php-zip/jammy 2:8.1+92ubuntu1 all !(Tip: Nach Möglichket Paket Namen ohne spezielle Versions Nr. verwenden.)!
  bzip2 module for PHP
php8.1-zip/jammy-updates,jammy-security 8.1.2-1ubuntu2.14 amd64

Anzeige der geladenen Apache Module

root@nc:~# apachectl -t -D DUMP_MODULES
root@nc:~# man apachectl
root@nc:~# apachectl -t -D DUMP_MODULES
AH00558: apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
Loaded Modules:
 core_module (static)
 so_module (static)
 watchdog_module (static)
 http_module (static)
 log_config_module (static)
 logio_module (static)
 version_module (static)
 unixd_module (static)
 access_compat_module (shared)
 alias_module (shared)
 auth_basic_module (shared)
 authn_core_module (shared)
 authn_file_module (shared)
 authz_core_module (shared)
 authz_host_module (shared)
 authz_user_module (shared)
 autoindex_module (shared)
 deflate_module (shared)
 dir_module (shared)
 env_module (shared)
 filter_module (shared)
 mime_module (shared)
 mpm_prefork_module (shared)
 negotiation_module (shared)
 php_module (shared)
 reqtimeout_module (shared)
 setenvif_module (shared)
 status_module (shared)

NC	apt install
MySQL Module	apt install php-mysql
PHP-Modul zip	apt install php-zip
PHP-Modul dom	apt install libapache2-mod-php
PHP-Modul XMLWriter	apt install php-xml
PHP-Modul mbstring	apt install php-mbstring
PHP-Modul GD	apt install php-gd
PHP-Modul cURL	apt install php-curl

Installation der Fehlenden Pakete auf einmal

apt install php-mysql php-zip libapache2-mod-php php-xml php-mbstring php-gd php-curl

Danach den Webserver neu starten systemctl restart apache2

URL IP des Webserver aufrufen z.B. 192.168.178.xxx um den Admin User einzurichten.

Der Installations Assistent Fragt nach dem Installations Verzeichnis

Neu Erstellen: nextcloud.
Im Momentanen: dann nur einen . eingeben.

Username: Admin
Passwort: Start#1234

UserDaten - Nutzdaten: /var/www/nextcloud/data

Datenbank User: nc_user
Datenbank Passwort: nc_pass
Datenbank Name: nextcloud
Datenbank Server: localhost 

Die Nextcloud ist soweit Eingerichtet.